"Types of risk in the banking business"

Banke se u svom poslovanju susreću s velikim brojem rizika koji su međusobno povezani, pa je i podjela bankovnih rizika složena. Ne može se pouzdano odrediti gdje prestaje jedna vrsta rizika, a počinje druga. Ipak, kao najvažniji i najučestaliji rizici u bankarskom poslovanju navode se kreditni rizik, rizik likvidnosti, tržišni rizici i operativni rizik, rizik zarade i rizik solventnosti, iako niti jedan rizik nije zanemariv. Najvažnije ih je identificirati, izmjeriti pomoću kvantitativnih metoda i definirati postupke pomoću kojih će se s njima upravljati. Rizik nije moguće izbjeći jer je čimbenik poslovanja, njime treba upravljati na način da se svede na najmanju moguću mjeru koja je prihvatljiva za banku. Upravljanje rizicima obuhvaća aktivnosti i pristup usmjeren zaštiti imovine i prihoda banke te zaštiti od rizika gubitaka. Dobro postavljena i uspješno provedena regulacija može značajno smanjiti štetne posljedice za banku nastale lošim poslovnim odlukama. Poslovanje banke mora biti usklađeno s odredbama zakona o kreditnim institucijama. Cilj ovog rada je opisati vrste rizika u bankarskom poslovanju i složenost faktora koji ih određuju, kao i način upravljanja istima kroz regulaciju bankarskog sustava.Banks in their operations face a number of risks that are connected to each other, so the division of banking risks are complicated. It is impossible to determine where one type of risk stops and another begins. However, as the most important and most common risks in the banking business are given credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk and operational risk, earnings and solvency risks, although none of the risk is not negligible. The most important thing is identified, measured using quantitative methods and define the procedures which will be used to manage them. The risk can not be avoided because it is a factor of business, it should be managed in a way to reduce to the lowest possible level that is acceptable to the bank. Risk management includes activities and focused approach in safeguarding assets and bank income and hedge losses. A well-established and successfully implemented regulation can significantly reduce the harmful consequences for the bank resulting from poor business decisions. Business banks must comply with the provisions of the Law on credit institutions. The aim of this paper is to describe the types of risks in the banking business and the complexity of the factors that define them, and the method of their management services for the regulation of the banking system